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Underwater surface mapping, often referred to as bathymetry, is the science of charting the seafloor and submerged landscapes beneath oceans, lakes, and rivers. This process is crucial because the majority of Earth’s surface is covered by water, yet much of it remains unexplored. Mapping provides detailed information about underwater terrain, including ridges, trenches, reefs, and sediment layers. Such knowledge is vital for safe navigation, as ships rely on accurate charts to avoid hazards. Beyond navigation, bathymetry supports scientific research, environmental monitoring, and disaster preparedness. By revealing the hidden contours of the seabed, underwater mapping helps humanity better understand the planet’s geology, ecosystems, and resources, making it a cornerstone of marine science and global sustainability efforts.